The Tipaimukh Hydroelectric Project is being constructed near the confluence of Barak and Tuivai rivers, in Manipur, India and within 100km of Bangladesh border. Costing Rs 6,351 crore ($1.35 billion) the 164 meter high dam will have a firm generation capacity of 401.25MW of electricity.
While Hydroelectric projects are typically considered greener than other power generation options in short term, it has significant long-term impact to the environment like changes in the ecosystem, destroying nearby settlements and changing habitat conditions of people, fish and wildlife. Especially in the densely populated countries like India and Bangladesh, where rivers are lifelines, projects like Tipaimukh will create adverse effect to a huge number of population and their habitats.
No wonder right from the start this project faced protests from potentially affected people in India, and from the downstream neighbor Bangladesh. The people of Manipur have been fighting legally to stop the project but have so far been unsuccessful. The Indian government is going ahead with the plan. The Sinlung Indigenous People Human Rights Organisation (SIPHRO) of India said that “the process for choosing it (the project premises) ignored both the indigenous people and the recommendations of the WCD (World Commission on Dams)”.
From Bangladesh journalist and blogger Dhibor says:
à¦à¦‡ বাà¦à¦§ তৈরির কি অজà§à¦¹à¦¾à¦¤ হিসেবে বলা হচà§à¦›à§‡, আসামের বনà§à¦¯à¦¾ নিয়নà§à¦¤à§à¦°à¦¨ à¦à¦¬à¦‚ জল বিদà§à¦¯à§à¦¤ উৎপাদন করে, উঃ পà§à¦°à§à¦¬ à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦¤à§‡à¦° মানà§à¦·à¦¦à§‡à¦° পà§à¦°à¦à§à¦¤ কলà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦£à§‡ à¦à¦‡ বাধ নিরà§à¦®à¦¿à¦¤ হবে। পাঠকদের জà§à¦žà¦¾à¦¤à¦¾à¦°à§à¦¥à§‡ জানাচà§à¦›à¦¿ যে, আনà§à¦¤à¦°à§à¦œà¦¾à¦¤à¦¿à¦• পানি আইন অনà§à¦¸à¦¾à¦°à§‡, à¦à¦¾à¦Ÿà¦¿à¦° দেশের পà§à¦°à§à¦£ সমà§à¦®à¦¤à¦¿ ছাড়া à¦à¦¬à¦‚ পরিবেশের কà§à¦·à¦¤à¦¿ করে কোন দেশই à¦à¦•à¦¤à¦°à¦«à¦¾à¦à¦¾à¦¬à§‡ নদী শাসন করতে পারবে না। তবে পরিতাপের বিষয় হলো, আনà§à¦¤à¦°à§à¦œà¦¾à¦¤à¦¿à¦• আইন মানতে কোন দেশ বাধà§à¦¯ নয়। à¦à¦–ানে জোর যার মà§à¦²à§à¦²à§à¦• তার হিসেবেই à¦à¦‡ আইন পà§à¦°à¦¯à§‹à¦œà§à¦¯à¥¤ à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦¤à§‡à¦° তà§à¦²à¦¨à¦¾à§Ÿ আমাদের অরà§à¦¥à¦¨à§ˆà¦¤à¦¿à¦•-সামরিক বা খà§à¦Ÿà¦¿à¦° জোর অলà§à¦ª বলে, আমাদের মার খেয়ে যেতেই হচà§à¦›à§‡à¥¤
উঃ পà§à¦°à§à¦¬ à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦¤à§‡à¦° অধিবাসিদের নাকের সামনে টিপাইমà§à¦–ি বাধের মà§à¦²à§‹ à¦à§à¦²à¦¿à§Ÿà§‡ রাখা হলেও, তারা পঃ বঙà§à¦—ের অধিবাসিদের মত à¦à§‹à¦²à§‡à¦¨à¦¨à¦¿à¥¤ তাই à¦à¦‡ বাধের বিরà§à¦¦à§à¦§à§‡ সেখানে তীবà§à¦° পà§à¦°à¦¤à¦¿à¦¬à¦¾à¦¦ হচà§à¦›à§‡à¥¤ মনিপà§à¦°à§‡à¦° ২০টি পà§à¦°à¦à¦¾à¦¬à¦¶à¦¾à¦²à¦¿ সামাজিক রাজনৈতিক সংগঠন, “à¦à¦•à¦¶à¦¨ কমিটি à¦à¦—েইনসà§à¦Ÿ টিপাইমà§à¦– ডà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦®” à¦à¦° বà§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¨à¦¾à¦°à§‡ রাজপথে নেমেছেন। কারণ à¦à¦¤à§‡ উঃপà§à¦°à§à¦¬ à¦à¦¾à¦°à¦¤à§‡à¦° লাà¦à§‡à¦° চেয়ে লোকসানটাই বেশি হবে। আর পà§à¦°à¦à§à¦¤ কà§à¦·à¦¤à¦¿ হবে পরিবেশের।
Residents of the North Eastern parts of India were pampered with many baits of the Tipaimukh dam project, but they kept their cool. About 20 influential socio-political organizations in Manipur have united in the banner of “Action Committee against Tipaimukh Project” and are protesting against the project. The reason – this dam will bring more miseries to those people than the profits pledged. And there will be severe damage to the environment.”
From India Namdingpou Kamei at E-Pao lists the losses and destruction this dam will bring to the local people.
# A total area of land 286.20 sq. km will be submerged forever.
# Barak waterfalls and Zeilad Lake, which are connected with the history of the Zeliangrong people, will be forever underwater and all folklores and legends will have no monuments’ proof and it will become a make up story for the next generation.
# More than, 40,000 people will be rendered landless.
# Eight villages situated at the Barak Valley will be completely underwater.
# More than 90 villages mostly of Tamenglong district will be adversely affected.
# About 27,242 hectares of cultivable land will be lost. [..]
The Indian government has offered the Manipur state 10% free electricity (i.e. 40 MW) from the project in exchange of above.
The Hmar indigenous population of North East India fears that:
if the government plows ahead with its proposed dam “thousands of outsiders” will come to settle in the area and as a result the Hmars will be exposed to changes like never before to new culture, economy and politics.
Dr. Soibam Ibotombi of Dept. of Earth Sciences, Manipur University says that the dam will be a geo-tectonic blunder of international dimensions:
The site selected for Tipaimukh project is one of the most active in the entire world, recording at least two major earthquakes of 8+ in the Reichter Scale during the past 50 years. The proposed Tipaimukh HEP is envisaged for construction in one of the most geologically unstable area as the proposed Tipaimukh dam axis falls on a ‘fault line’ potentially active and possible epicenter for major earthquakes.
At BanglaPraxis the impact of Tipaimukh dam in Bangladesh has been discussed.
Paribartan Bangla writes [bn] that several campaigns are ongoing in Sylhet, Bangladesh protesting the Tipaimukh dam. The blogger describes:
à¦à¦‡ বাà¦à¦§ নিরà§à¦®à¦¿à¦¤ হলে সিলেট, সà§à¦¨à¦¾à¦®à¦—ঞà§à¦œ, মৌলà¦à§€à¦¬à¦¾à¦œà¦¾à¦°, হবিগঞà§à¦œ, বà§à¦°à¦¾à¦¹à§à¦®à¦£à¦¬à¦¾à§œà¦¿à§Ÿà¦¾, কিশোরগঞà§à¦œ, নেতà§à¦°à¦•à§‹à¦¨à¦¾, নরসিংদী ও নারায়ণগঞà§à¦œ জেলাসহ দেশের সমগà§à¦° উতà§à¦¤à¦°-পূরà§à¦¬à¦¾à¦žà§à¦šà¦²à§‡ মারাতà§à¦®à¦• পরিবেশ ও আরà§à¦¥à¦¿à¦• বিপরà§à¦¯à§Ÿ নেমে আসবে। কৃষি, মৎসà§à¦¯, জীববৈচিতà§à¦°à§à¦¯ হà§à¦®à¦•à¦¿à¦° মà§à¦–ে পড়বে। বরà§à¦·à¦¾à¦•à¦¾à¦²à§‡ পà§à¦°à¦¬à¦² বনà§à¦¯à¦¾ আর শীতকালে পানির জনà§à¦¯ হাহাকার দেখা দিবে।
Blogger Agami calls other bloggers [bn] to engage in online and offline campaigns to stop the project. A Facebook group has already been created by the bloggers. An online petition has been launched by the “Action Committee against Tipaimukh Project”.
This article was originally published on globalvoicesonline.org
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