The information or knowledge-based society is no longer a matter of the future, rather a very contemporary urge of the time. In almost all aspects of our life, we need information and knowledge to get our basic needs met, make decision, move around, participate in social, economic and cultural activities.
Many countries have laid down their national ICT plan in recent decades to keep up with the new trends of international development. International and regional organisations such as the World Bank, the United Nations, the EU, the Apec and the Asean have come out with studies, guidelines, recommendations and working groups for member countries or economies to follow, participate and share their experiences in ICT.
ICT is of course an enabling technology and we should not loose sight of this fact. If it is not properly planned, managed and implemented, it might throw us into social gaps or the ‘digital divide’. I strongly believe that we all agree that none of us should be left out in isolation in this highly useful and challenging digital world. And this is why ICT accessibility is very important to all of us, especially to people with disabilities.
Persons with disabilities in Bangladesh lag far behind the mainstream development because of their disability as well as of our socio-economic and cultural realities. Hence, ICT can be a significant means of bridging this gap. ICT can be compared to a magic stick that will help our disabled people jump forward if utilised in a coordinated, planned and appropriate manner. A well-coordinated and collaborative effort is a must in order to create the optimum ICT accessibility for these people.
Recognising that access to information is a basic human right, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN-Escap) convened a seminar in June, 2002 to draw "Recommendations on Policy/Legislative Guidelines concerning Information and Communication Technology (ICT) accessibility for Persons with Disabilities in the Asian and Pacific Region". To address the digital divide faced by persons with disabilities in the Asia-Pacific region and to promote the digital opportunities for them, the participants in the seminar adopted a set of recommendations including the definitions of ‘Persons with Disabilities’, ‘Information and Communication Technology (ICT)’ and ‘Accessibility’.
According to the recommendations ‘Persons with Disabilities’ (PWD) means the persons who have limited access to and usage of information and communications technology due to their visual, auditory, physical, cognitive/intellectual, neurological, psychiatric or other types of disabilities,
‘Information and Communication Technology’ (ICT) means all digital as well as analog technology and services that supports human communication, creation, collection and dissemination of knowledge, and other activities for manipulation of information and,
‘Accessibility’ means the measure or condition of things and services that can readily be reached or used (at the physical, visual, auditory and/or cognitive levels) by people including those with disabilities, which could be achieved through design and/or adaptation irrespective of any types of disabilities.
The recommendations of the seminar have a clear bearing on the Biwako Millennium Framework for Action towards an Inclusive, Barrier-Free and
Rights-Based Society for Persons with Disabilities in Asia and the Pacific
(2002 2013). By resolution 58/4, governments in the region defined the seven priority policy areas for action, which, inter alia, includes access to information, communications and assistive technologies.
At present the importance of information and communication technologies (ICT) for development has been considered at the highest level. For example, in the United Nations "Millennium Declaration" (General Assembly resolution 55/2), heads of state and government resolved "to ensure that the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communication technologies, in conformity with recommendations contained in the Ecosoc 2000 Ministerial Declaration, are available to all". As such, reference to people with disabilities does not feature in this resolution, though its text can be applied to interpreting the right of equal access to people with disabilities.
The UN Standard Rules on the Equalisation of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, 1993 is the first instrument that spells out in Rule 5, that "States should recognise the overall importance of accessibility in the process of the equalisation of opportunities in all spheres of society. For persons with disabilities of any kind, States should (a) introduce programmes of action to make the physical environment accessible; and (b) undertake measures to provide access to information and communication."
Many governments have adopted policies in the light of the Standard Rules. The Escap has defined accessibility as "the measure or condition of things and services that can readily be reached or used (at the physical, visual, auditory and/or cognitive levels) by people including those with disabilities".
As ICT is a global issue and the technology is changing rapidly we cannot keep ourselves from international development. Therefore it is very important for us to continue to watch the recent development of ICT and extend our efforts to adopt those technologies in the country context.
In order to get our people with disabilities involved in ICT or widen ICT accessibility for them, the following issues could be taken into consideration:
- We should have a clear understanding of the existing scenario of ICT facilities, services and practices in the country;
- An overall needs assessment to be carried out in order to set up our course of action.
- All possible efforts should be taken to make optimum utilisation of our existing resources, services and facilities and to make our audience familiar with the in-built accessibility features of the operating system (i.e. sticky keys, filter keys, mouse keys, display contrast);
- Efforts should be taken to design, develop and distribute accessible ICT products likes transcriber, interface, software and assistive technology products as well as introducing accessibility techniques for all categories of disabled people like visually and physically challenged, hearing and speech impaired, intellectually disabled, autistic children and others.
Efforts should be taken to make best use of the existing policy guidelines and legislative support and tools in this regard. We have our national policy guidelines and legislation on ICT, we have national and international instruments and tools for people with disabilities where issues of the ICT accessibility have been emphasised. And now is the time to intervene. I think there is no alternative to simultaneous initiatives from the government, private sectors and civil society in bringing our vision into reality.
In order to make certain level of control on how to make ICT products and services accessible to all people including the PWDs, the government can play a prime role. The private sector has become more and more important in the society especially under the influence of globalisation. This sector comprises ICT developers, manufacturers, distributors and sellers. The great challenge for this sector is how it could be responsive and even empathetic to various needs of users with or without disability beyond their short-term benefits. This powerful sector can take this challenge as an opportunity to extend the capacity of ICT to the maximum level of availability, affordability and accessibility.
The third is the most important and dynamic sector, civil society. This sector comprises diverse groups of people with diverse background. It can simultaneously influence the government as well as private/business sectors. Through this sector issues of people with disabilities could be brought into light, having their needs clearly articulated, understood and well recognised by the society at large.
Finally, if we can address this challenge with strong determination and sincere efforts, we can certainly create some opportunities for the people with disabilities. In other words, if we can use this ICT magic stick properly, a dramatic change could take place in terms of ICT accessibility for persons with disabilities in Bangladesh.