Posted by Hanako Tokita to Global Voices Online
On June 6, a couple of months prior to the International Day of the World’s Indigenous People, the Japanese Diet passed a resolution to officially recognize the Ainu as an indigenous people. Immediately following the passage of the resolution, a government panel held its first meeting to start working on a plan to put these words into action. While this development marked a historical turning point for the Ainu, bloggers were far from unanimous in their responses to the passage of the resolution.
Blogger abe-iw welcomes the Diet resolution:
昨日2008å¹´6月6æ—¥ã¯ã€ç”»æœŸçš„ãªãƒ¡ãƒ¢ãƒªã‚¢ãƒ«ãƒ‡ãƒ¼ã¨ã—ã¦æ´å²ã®ä¸€ãƒšãƒ¼ã‚¸ã«é•·ã記録ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã«ãªã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚ã“ã®æ—¥ã€ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒæ°‘æ—ã‚’å…ˆä½æ°‘ã¨ã—ã¦èªã‚ã€é–¢é€£ã™ã‚‹æ”¿ç–ã®ä¸€å±¤ã®æŽ¨é€²ã‚’政府ã«æ±‚ã‚る国会決è°ãŒã€å‚è°é™¢æœ¬ä¼šè°ã«ãŠã„ã¦å…¨ä¼šä¸€è‡´ã§å¯æ±ºãƒ»æŽ¡æŠžã•ã‚ŒãŸã®ã 。
"June 6, 2008 will go down in the pages of history as a groundbreaking memorial day. On this day, the Diet resolution calling for the government to recognize the Ainu as an indigenous people and to further implement related measures was unanimously passed and approved during the Upper House plenary session."
[…]よã†ã‚„ã法ã®ä¸‹ã«å¹³ç‰ã‚’ã†ãŸã£ãŸæ†²æ³•ç¬¬14æ¡ã®ç²¾ç¥žãŒã€ã“ã“日本ã«ãŠã„ã¦ã‚‚ã¾ã£ã¨ã†ã«éµå®ˆã•ã‚Œã‚‹ã“ã¨ã«ãªã£ãŸã®ã 。 ã“ã®é–“ã€é–¢ä¿‚者・関連団体ã®ãŸã‚†ã¾ã–る情熱ã¨åŠªåŠ›ã¯æ•¬æœã«å€¤ã™ã‚‹ãŒã€ãã‚Œã«ã‚‚増ã—ã¦æ˜¨å¹´å¹´9月13æ—¥ã€å›½é€£ç·ä¼šã«ãŠã„ã¦æŽ¡æŠžã•ã‚ŒãŸã€Œå…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã®æ¨©åˆ©ã«é–¢ã™ る宣言ã€ã‚„ã€ããŸã‚‹ï¼—月ã«é–‹ã‹ã‚Œã‚‹ã€ŒåŒ—æµ·é“洞爺湖サミットã€ãŒä»Šæ¬¡æ±ºè°å®Ÿç¾ã®è¿½ã„風ã«ãªã£ãŸã“ã¨ã¯ã€å ±é“ã®ç¤ºã™ã¨ãŠã‚Šã§ã‚ã‚ã†ã€‚悲惨ãªæˆ¦ä¹±ã‚„度を越ã™æš´åŠ› 沙汰ãŒçµ¶ãˆãªã„今日ã€å…ˆä½æ°‘・少数民æ—ã®ä¸»æ¨©ã‚’å°Šé‡ã—よã†ã¨ã„ã†æœ€è¿‘ã®å‹•ãã¯ã€äººã€…ã®å¿ƒã®å¥¥åº•ã«ã¾ã 残ã£ã¦ã„る良è˜ãŒåž£é–“見ãˆãŸæ„ŸãŒã—å–œã°ã—ã„é™ã‚Šã§ã‚ る。[…]
"[…]Finally, Japan has complied with the spirit of Article 14 of the Constitution, which ensures equality before the law. Although the passion and the efforts of people and organizations that have been involved [in this movement] are worthy of respect, the passage of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples adopted by the United Nations on September 13the of last year, and the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit scheduled for this coming July, helped [make possible] the realization of the passage, as reported in the media. In the world of today, with horrible wars and extreme violence that never ends, the recent move to respect the sovereign rights of indigenous people and enthnic minorities offers a glimpse of the decency at the bottom of people’s hearts, and this makes me so happy.[…]"
While appraising the resolution as a milestone, Eunheui thinks that there is something missing:
å…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã¨ã—ã¦èªã‚(られ)るã“ã¨ãŒä¸€é‡Œå¡šã§ã‚ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã¯ç¢ºã‹ã 。ã—ã‹ã—ã€ã“ã®æ–‡æ›¸ã¯ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã®æ¨©åˆ©ã‚’ä¿éšœã™ã‚‹ãŸã‚ã®ä½•ã‚‰å…·ä½“ çš„ãªæ”¿ç–æèµ·ã‚‚å«ã‚“ã§ã„ãªã„ã—ã€æ´å²èªè˜ã«è¨€åŠã“ãã™ã‚‹ã‚‚ã®ã®ã€ãれを自分ã®ã‚‚ã®ã¨ã—ã¦éžã‚’ã‚ãŒãªã†é“ã«è¸ã¿è¾¼ã‚‚ã†ã¨ã¯ã—ãªã„臆病ãªæ–‡ç« ã ã¨ç§ã¯æ€ã†ã€‚ç§ ã¯æ±ºè°æ¡ˆã‚’作ã£ãŸäººãŸã¡ã®å–„æ„や良心を疑ã„ã¯ã—ãªã„ãŒã€æ®‹å¿µãªãŒã‚‰ã€ã“ã®æ–‡ç« を今ã‹ã‚‰ä½•åå¹´ã‹çµŒã£ã¦èªã¿ç›´ã—ãŸæ™‚ã«ãã“ã«ç‡¦ç„¶ã¨è¼ã人権æ“è·ã®å®£è¨€ã‚’見出 ã›ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†äºˆæ„Ÿã¯å…¨ãã—ãªã„。
Photo by Flickr user Okinawa Soba (used under Creative Commons License).
Akio Ikeuchi, however, questions the goverment’s involvement in preservation of an indigenous culture. He agues that it is the Ainu people’s role, not that of the government, to show their commitment in restoring their culture and ethnic identity:
6日,「アイヌ民æ—ã‚’å…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã¨ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨ã‚’求ã‚る決è°ã€ãŒå›½ä¼šã§æŽ¡æŠžã•ã‚ŒãŸã€‚ãŒï¼ŒãŠãらãç§ã®æ„Ÿè¦šãŒéˆã„ã®ã ã‚ã†ã€‚ç§ã«ã¯ä»Šã•ã‚‰ã©ã†ã—ã¦ã“ã®ã‚ˆã†ãªæ±ºè°ãŒå¿…è¦ãªã®ã‹ãŒåˆ†ã‹ã‚‰ãªã„ã®ã§ã‚る。
ç§ã¯åˆ¥ã«ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã‚’å…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã¨è¦‹ãªã™ã“ã¨ã«å対ã—ãŸã„ã‚ã‘ã§ã¯ãªã„。ãŒï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬æ°‘æ—ã«ã»ã¨ã‚“ã©åŒåŒ–å¸åŽã•ã‚Œã¦ã—ã¾ã£ãŸã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã‚’,ã„ã¾ã•ã‚‰åˆ†é›¢ã™ã‚‹å¿…è¦ãŒã©ã†ã—ã¦ã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã®ã ã‚ã†ã‹ã€‚
I am not trying to oppose recognizing the Ainu as an indigenous people. However, why is it necessary to isolate the Ainu, who have nearly been assimilated into Japanese society, now?"
[…]ã‚‚ã—アイヌã®äººãŸã¡ãŒä»Šã®æ—¥æœ¬ã¨ã¯ä¸€ç·šã‚’ç”»ã™ã‚‹å½¢ã§è‡ªåˆ†ãŸã¡ã®ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒ‡ãƒ³ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ†ã‚£ãƒ¼ã‚’å–り戻ã—ãŸã„ã¨ã„ã†ã®ã§ã‚ã‚Œã°ã れもã¾ãŸä¸€ã¤ã®ç«‹å ´ã§ã‚ã‚ã†ã€‚ãã®å ´åˆï¼Œã‹ã¤ã¦ã®ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã®åœ°ã‚’アイヌã®äººãŸã¡ã«è¿”ã™ã¹ãã ã¨ã‚‚言ãˆã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚ãã®éš›ï¼Œæ—¥æœ¬ã¯ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã®è‡ªç«‹ã‚’支æ´ã™ã¹ãã§ã‚‚ ã‚ã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚
ãŒï¼Œå›½ä¼šæ±ºè°ãŒ
政府ã«å¯¾ã—,アイヌを独自ã®è¨€èªžï¼Œå®—教や文化を有ã™ã‚‹å…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã¨èªã‚,有è˜è€…ã®æ„見をèžããªãŒã‚‰ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒæ”¿ç–ã‚’ç·åˆçš„ã«è¡Œã†ã“ã¨ã‚’求ã‚ã¦ã„る(åŒ)ãªã©ã¨ã„ã†ç”˜ã„話ã§ã‚ã‚‹ãªã‚‰ï¼ŒæžœãŸã—ã¦ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒã®äººãŸã¡ã¯ã©ã“ã¾ã§ç‹¬è‡ªã®æ–‡åŒ–ã‚’ä¿ã¤ã¹ã自立ã—よã†ã„ã†è¦šæ‚Ÿã‚’æŒã¡åˆã‚ã›ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã®ã‹ç–‘å•ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã‚‹ã ã‚ã†ã€‚
However, the Diet resolution calls for the government to acknowledge the indigenous people with their language, religion and culture, and to comprehensively implement Ainu policies, consulting experts’ opinions. This is naive thinking, and the question arises as to how determined the Ainu people are to become autonomous in order to preserve their own culture."
æ°‘æ—文化ãŒä¿å˜ã•ã‚Œã‚‹ãŸã‚ã«ã¯ï¼Œæ°‘æ—自体ã«ç”Ÿãる力,ã™ãªã‚ã¡ã€Œç”Ÿå‘½åŠ›ã€ãŒãªã‘ã‚Œã°ãªã‚‰ãªã„。ãŒï¼Œä»Šå›žã®ã‚ˆã†ã«æ”¿åºœã«æ´åŠ©ã‚’è¦æ±‚ã™ã‚‹ã“ã¨è‡ªä½“,ãã®åŠ›ã®å¼±ã•ã‚’物語ã£ã¦ã„ã‚‹ã®ã§ã¯ãªã„ã‹ã€‚
本気ã§ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒæ–‡åŒ–を復興ã—ãŸã„ã®ã§ã‚ã‚Œã°ï¼Œæ”¿åºœã®åŠ©ã‘を借りãªã„ã¨ã„ã†ãらã„ã®æ°—概ãŒã¾ãšå¿…è¦ãªã®ã§ã¯ãªã„ã‹ã€‚
If they seriously want to recover the Ainu culture, first they need have the guts to say that they do not need the help of the government."
Blogger Yu argues that this resolution suddenly introduces the notion of ethnicity and reshapes the definition of the citizen:
日本ã¯å…ˆé€±ã¾ã§å˜ä¸€æ°‘æ—国家ã ã£ãŸã€‚
ä¸æ€è°ãªè¨€ã„æ–¹ã ãŒã€ã“ã‚Œã¯ãƒžã‚¸ã€‚
"Until last week, Japan was an ethnically homogeneous nation.
This may be a strange way to say it, but this is real."
アメリカも建国以æ¥ãšã£ã¨å˜ä¸€æ°‘æ—国家ã 。
ãªãœãªã‚‰ã‚¢ãƒ¡ãƒªã‚«ã¯ã€Œå€‹äººã®æ¨©åˆ©ã€ã¯ä¿éšœã™ã‚‹ãŒã€Œæ°‘æ—ã®æ¨©åˆ©ã€ã¯èªã‚ã¦ã„ãªã„。
ã‚ã®å›½ã§å›½æ°‘ã‚’å½¢æˆã™ã‚‹ã®ã¯ã€Œã‚¢ãƒ¡ãƒªã‚«äººã€ã ã‘ã 。
"America, too, has been an ethnically homogeneous nation since its foundation.
This is because although America ensures the “rights of individuals”, it does not recognize the “rights of ethnic groups”.
The country is made up only of Americans."
日本も全ãåŒã˜ã ã£ãŸã€‚
在日æœé®®äººã‚„アイヌやç‰çƒäººãŒã„る日本ã¯ä»–æ°‘æ—国家ã ã€ã¨ã„ã†ä¸»å¼µã¯ã‚ã£ãŸãŒã€ã“ã‚Œã¯è©•è«–家的ãªè¦‹æ–¹ã«éŽãŽãªã„。
在日æœé®®äººã¯ã€Œæ—¥æœ¬å›½æ°‘ã€ã§ã¯ãªã在留外国人ã ã—ã€ã€Œå›½æ°‘ã€ã¯æ°‘æ—ã§ã¯ãªã個人をå˜ä½ã¨ã—ã¦ã„ãŸã€‚
"Japan was exactly the same [in the past].
Arguments have been raised that Japan is a multi-ethnic country, consisting of zainichi Koreans, Ainu, and Ryukyu, but this is just the perspective of critics.
Zainichi Koreans have been defined as foreign residents and not as “Japanese citizens”, and a “citizen” was defined not based on ethnicity but at the level of the individual."
良ãも悪ãも日本ã¯å›½æ°‘çµ±åˆã«æˆåŠŸã—ãŸå›½ã 。
アイヌもç‰çƒã‚‚ã€åœ°æ–¹ã®ä¼çµ±æ–‡åŒ–ã«éŽãŽãªããªã£ãŸã€‚
"For better or for worse, Japan is a country that has successfully unified its citizens.
The Ainu and the Ryuku are now no more than mere local traditions."
ãã‚“ãªçŠ¶æ³ãŒå¤‰ã‚ã£ãŸã€‚
アイヌãŒå…ˆä½æ°‘æ—ã¨èªã‚られã€å›½æ°‘ã®ä¸ã«æ°‘æ—ã¨ã„ã†ãƒ©ã‚¤ãƒ³ãŒå¼•ã‹ã‚ŒãŸã€‚
アイヌãŒæ°‘æ—ãªã‚‰ã€ãれ以外ã¯è‡ªå‹•çš„ã«å¤§å’Œæ°‘æ—ã¨ãªã‚Šã€ã©ã¡ã‚‰ã§ã‚‚ãªã„ç‰çƒäººã‚‚ã¾ãŸæ°‘æ—ã¨ãªã‚‹ã€‚
マスコミもãƒãƒƒãƒˆã‚‚ã‚ã¾ã‚Šé–¢å¿ƒã¯ãªã„よã†ã ãŒã€ã“ã‚Œã¯é‡å¤§ãªã“ã¨ã 。
「国民ã€ã¨ã€Œå€‹äººã€ã®é–“ã«ã€Œæ°‘æ—ã€ã¨ã„ã†æž ãŒçªå¦‚生ã¾ã‚ŒãŸã®ã 。
The Ainu are recognized as an indigenous people and a line called ethnicity has been drawn between the citizens.
If the Ainu are an ethnic group, then the rest [of the Japaense people] automatically become the Yamato people, and the Ryukyu who do not belong to either group become yet another ethnic group.
Neither the mass media nor the net[izens] seem to be interested, but this is a grave issue.
A framework for “ethnicity” has suddenly emerged between the “citizen” and the “individual”."
ãã‚Œã¯æ°‘æ—ã®æ¨©åˆ©ã‚’ä¿éšœã—ã€è‡ªæ±ºæ¨©ã‚’èªã‚ã‚‹ã¨ã„ã†ã“ã¨ã«ã‚‚ãªã‚‹ã€‚
ã¤ã¾ã‚Šã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒãŒç‹¬ç«‹ã‚’主張ã™ã‚Œã°ã€å¤§å’Œæ°‘æ—ã¯ãれをå¦å®šã™ã‚‹æ¨©åˆ©ã‚’æŒãŸãªã„。
沖縄ã«ã—ã¦ã‚‚åŒã˜ã 。6日ã®ã“ã¨ã¯ã€å®Ÿã¯ã€ç¾çŠ¶è¿½èªã«éŽãŽãªããªã‚‹ã§ã‚ã‚ã†æ†²æ³•æ”¹æ£ãªã©ã‚ˆã‚Šã¯ã‚‹ã‹ã«å¤§ããã€å›½å®¶ã®å½¢ã‚’å·¦å³ã™ã‚‹å‡ºæ¥äº‹ã ã£ãŸã‹ã‚‚ã—ã‚Œãªã„。
"This also means that ethnic rights will be ensured and the right to self-determination will be recognized.
In other words, if the Ainu claim their independence, the Yamato people have no right to deny it.
What happened on June 6th was, in fact, much more significant than the amendment of the Constitution […] and is an event that could change the shape of the nation."
Leave Your Comments