These steps are:
1) Travel to and from the work area.
For the first step the minimum requirements are a central work shop and parking space for motor vehicles and district depots for controlling collectors, hand carts and animal carts. The location of these depots should minimize travel time between depot and working area.
2) The collection process transfer of the waste from storage to the vehicle and travel between various collection points.
For the second step i.e. collection of waste, four methods are prevalent all over the world which involve the householder.
a) Communal storage: – Sites as in Delhi and NCR require the delivery of wastes by the householder to the communal sites built at home distance in every neighborhood.
b) Block collection: – Here the householders deliver the waste to the vehicle at the time of collection which happens every two/three days.
In Mexico City, this method is used where a vehicle travels on a regular route every two days, stops at intersection of streets and rings a bell for householders who come and directly empty their containers in the vehicle.
C) Door to door collection: – In this system the householder does no work; the collector enters the garden or the courtyard, carries the bin to the vehicle, empties it and returns it to its usual place.
D) Curbside collection: This method too requires a regular service and a precise time table. In this method the residents must place their bins on the footway in advance of collection time and remove them after they have been emptied. This is the practice adopted in London.
3) The delivery process i.e. transportation and dumping of refuse to the disposal site.
The third step i.e. delivery of waste is most efficient when a full vehicle travels at normal speed from collection area to the disposal site. Handcarts and animal carts are very inefficient for this operation because of their slow speed and limited capacity. Motor-vehicles are ideal but municipality should ensure that they are covered to minimize spilling and exposure to germs and flies.
The entire process of waste management requires close cooperation between the citizens and government agencies. In Delhi, use of large communal sites appears to be fairly cheap and simple solution but has turned out to be a failure in some colonies because sometimes they are too far away and people are not willing to go that far. This results in littering on the streets and in fact increasing the burden on municipality for clearing the streets. These sites, therefore, should be at short distances, covered and cleaned regularly.
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